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dc.contributor.authorDogan, Eyup
dc.contributor.authorTurkekul, Berna
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-13T06:45:18Z
dc.date.available2021-10-13T06:45:18Z
dc.date.issued2016en_US
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.issn1614-7499
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5323-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12573/989
dc.description.abstractThis study aims to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, real output (GDP), the square of real output (GDP(2)), trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in the USA for the period 1960-2010. The bounds testing for cointegration indicates that the analyzed variables are cointegrated. In the long run, energy consumption and urbanization increase environmental degradation while financial development has no effect on it, and trade leads to environmental improvements. In addition, this study does not support the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the USA because real output leads to environmental improvements while GDP(2) increases the levels of gas emissions. The results from the Granger causality test show that there is bidirectional causality between CO2 and GDP, CO2 and energy consumption, CO2 and urbanization, GDP and urbanization, and GDP and trade openness while no causality is determined between CO2 and trade openness, and gas emissions and financial development. In addition, we have enough evidence to support one-way causality running from GDP to energy consumption, from financial development to output, and from urbanization to financial development. In light of the long-run estimates and the Granger causality analysis, the US government should take into account the importance of trade openness, urbanization, and financial development in controlling for the levels of GDP and pollution. Moreover, it should be noted that the development of efficient energy policies likely contributes to lower CO2 emissions without harming real output.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherSPRINGER HEIDELBERGTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYen_US
dc.relation.isversionof10.1007/s11356-015-5323-8en_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectOutputen_US
dc.subjectEnergyen_US
dc.subjectTradeen_US
dc.subjectUrbanizationen_US
dc.subjectFinancial developmenten_US
dc.subjectCO2 emissionsen_US
dc.titleCO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USAen_US
dc.typearticleen_US
dc.contributor.departmentAGÜ, Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ekonomi Bölümüen_US
dc.contributor.authorID0000-0003-0476-5177en_US
dc.contributor.institutionauthorDogan, Eyup
dc.identifier.volumeVolume 23 Issue 2 Page 1203-1213en_US
dc.relation.journalENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCHen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası - Editör Denetimli Dergien_US


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