Optimization of multiple battery swapping stations with mobile support for ancillary services
Özet
The recent developments in electric vehicles (EVs) causes several issues that
have not been satisfactorily addressed. One of the foremost problems is the
charging–discharging processes of EV batteries with diverse characteristics.
Although a charging station is the first choice in this regard, a battery swap
station (BSS) is also a suitable alternative solution as it eliminates long waiting
periods and battery degradation due to fast charging. BSS has the capability to
ensure prompt and efficient service for electric vehicles. Since BSS has a large
number of battery systems, optimum planning of the charging–discharging
operations of the batteries is critical for both BSS and the grid. This study
presents an optimal charging–discharging schedule for multiple BSSs based on
the swap demand of privately owned EVs and electric bus (EB) public
transportation system. In addition, BSSs reinforce the power grid by
providing ancillary services such as peak shaving and valley filling with
demand response programs. In order to increase the flexibility of the
operation, the mobile swapping station (MSS) concept, an innovative and
dynamic service, is introduced to the literature and added to the model. The
results indicate that BSS is an essential agent in the ancillary services market and
the MSS concept is a yielding solution for both BSSs and power networks. Last,
the data utilized in the study for swap demand calculation and power grid
analysis are real-world data from Berlin, Germany.
