BBSome regulates ARL13B-dependent joint elongation of two distinct cilia in Caenorhabditis elegans
Abstract
Cilia or flagella are interchangeably used to refer to the hair-like organelles extending from the cell surface to communicate with environmental signals or triggers. Cilium, the singular form of cilia, and its components are well-conserved structures throughout evolution and are divided into motile and primary cilium. The primary cilia of different cells are seen to form joint cilia by extending in parallel. For instance, PHA and PHB primary cilia in C. elegans protrude from the ends of the dendrite but extend parallel to one another and intersect in the middle portion of the cilia, reaching the same length. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying how parallel cilia get similar lengths remain mysterious. In this thesis, we used C. elagans as a model organism to examine the molecular mechanism associated with the cilia direction. We generated various single, double, and triple mutants to examine PHA and PHB cilia for phenotype and length. We found that a Joubert syndrome protein, ARL13B, is required for determining cilia direction in PHA & PHB cilia and ASE & ASI cilia. Birbirlerinin yerlerine kullanılan silya ya da flagella, çevresel sinyallerle ve uyaranlarla iletişime giren ve hücre yüzeyinden dış ortama uzanan saç benzeri organellerdir. Tekli silya yapısını ifade eden silyum, and onun alt bileşenleri evrimsel olarak korunmuş yapılarıdır, ve iki gruba ayrılır: hareketli ve birincil. Farklı hücrelerden köken alan birincil silyalar, paralel olarak uzayarak bir noktada birleşir. Örneğin, C. elegans'ta bulunan PHA ve PHB silyalar dendritin uçlarından çıkıntı yaparak birbirlerine paralel olarak uzarlar ve orta kısımlarında kesişerek aynı uzunluğa gelirler. Ancak silyaların paralel uzayarak benzer uzunluğa gelmesinin altında yatan moleküler mekanizma bilinmemektedir. Bu tezde, silya yönü ile ilişkili moleküler mekanizmayı incelemek için model organizma olarak C. elegans'ı kullandık. PHA ve PHB silyalarını fenotip ve uzunluk açısından incelemek için çok sayıda tekli, ikili ve üçlü mutantlar oluşturduk. Bir Joubert sendromu proteini olan ARL13B'nin, PHA & PHB silya ve ASE & ASI silyalarında silya yönünün belirlenmesinde gerekli olduğunu bulduk.
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